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GROFF_CHAR(7) Miscellaneous Information Manual GROFF_CHAR(7)
NAME
groff_char - groff glyph names
DESCRIPTION
This manual page lists the standard groff glyph names and the default
input mapping, latin-1. The glyphs in this document will look
different depending on which output device was chosen (with option -T
for the man(1) program or the roff formatter). Glyphs not available
for the device that is being used to print or view this manual page
will be marked with `(N/A)'; the device currently used is `ascii'.
In the actual version, groff provides only 8-bit characters for direct
input and named entities for further glyphs. On ASCII platforms, input
character codes in the range 0 to 127 (decimal) represent the usual
7-bit ASCII characters, while codes between 127 and 255 are interpreted
as the corresponding characters in the Latin-1 (ISO-8859-1) code set by
default. This mapping is contained in the file latin1.tmac and can be
changed by loading a different input encoding. Note that some of the
input characters are reserved by groff, either for internal use or for
special input purposes. On EBCDIC platforms, only code page cp1047 is
supported (which contains the same characters as Latin-1; the input
encoding file is called cp1047.tmac). Again, some input characters are
reserved for internal and special purposes. It is rather
straightforward (for the experienced user) to set up other 8-bit
encodings like Latin-2; since groff will use Unicode in the next major
version, no additional encodings are provided.
All roff systems provide the concept of named glyphs. In traditional
roff systems, only names of length 2 were used, while groff also
provides support for longer names. It is strongly suggested that only
named glyphs are used for all character representations outside of the
printable 7-bit ASCII range.
Some of the predefined groff escape sequences (with names of length 1)
also produce single characters; these exist for historical reasons or
are printable versions of syntactical characters. They include `\\',
`\'', `\`', `\-', `\.', and `\e'; see groff(7).
In groff, all of these different types of characters and glyphs can be
tested positively with the `.if c' conditional.
REFERENCE
In this section, the glyphs in groff are specified in tabular form.
The meaning of the columns is as follows.
Output shows how the glyph is printed for the current device; although
this can have quite a different shape on other devices, it
always represents the same glyph.
Input name
specifies how the glyph is input either directly by a key on the
keyboard, or by a groff escape sequence.
Input code
applies to glyphs which can be input with a single character,
and gives the ISO Latin-1 decimal code of that input character.
Note that this code is equivalent to the lowest 256 Unicode
characters, including 7-bit ASCII in the range 0 to 127.
PostScript name
gives the usual PostScript name of the glyph.
Unicode decomposed
is the glyph name used in composite glyph names.
7-bit Character Codes 32-126
These are the basic glyphs having 7-bit ASCII code values assigned.
They are identical to the printable characters of the character
standards ISO-8859-1 (Latin-1) and Unicode (range C0 Controls and Basic
Latin). The glyph names used in composite glyph names are `u0020' up
to `u007E'.
Note that input characters in the range 0-31 and character 127 are not
printable characters. Most of them are invalid input characters for
groff anyway, and the valid ones have special meaning. For EBCDIC, the
printable characters are in the range 66-255.
48-57 Decimal digits 0 to 9 (print as themselves).
65-90 Upper case letters A-Z (print as themselves).
97-122 Lower case letters a-z (print as themselves).
Most of the remaining characters not in the just described ranges print
as themselves; the only exceptions are the following characters:
` the ISO Latin-1 `Grave Accent' (code 96) prints as `, a left
single quotation mark; the original character can be obtained
with `\`'.
' the ISO Latin-1 `Apostrophe' (code 39) prints as ', a right
single quotation mark; the original character can be obtained
with `\(aq'.
- the ISO Latin-1 `Hyphen, Minus Sign' (code 45) prints as a
hyphen; a minus sign can be obtained with `\-'.
~ the ISO Latin-1 `Tilde' (code 126) is reduced in size to be
usable as a diacritic; a larger glyph can be obtained with
`\(ti'.
^ the ISO Latin-1 `Circumflex Accent' (code 94) is reduced in size
to be usable as a diacritic; a larger glyph can be obtained with
`\(ha'.
Output Input Input PostScript Unicode Notes
name code name decomposed
!
!33exclamu0021
"
"34quotedblu0022
#
#35numbersignu0023
$
$36dollaru0024
%
%37percentu0025
&
&38ampersandu0026
'
'39quoterightu0027
(
(40parenleftu0028
)
)41parenrightu0029
*
*42asterisku002A
+
+43plusu002B
,
,44commau002C
-
-45hyphenu2010
.
.46periodu002E
/
/47slashu002F
:
:58colonu003A
;
;59semicolonu003B
<
<60lessu003C
=
=61equalu003D
>
>62greateru003E
?
?63questionu003F
@
@64atu0040
[
[91bracketleftu005B
\
\92backslashu005C
]
]93bracketrightu005D
^
^94circumflexu005E
circumflex accent
_
_95underscoreu005F
`
`96quoteleftu0060
{
{123braceleftu007B
|
|124baru007C
}
}125bracerightu007D
~
~126tildeu007E
tilde accent
8-bit Character Codes 160 to 255
They are interpreted as printable characters according to the Latin-1
(iso-8859-1) code set, being identical to the Unicode range C1 Controls
and Latin-1 Supplement.
Input characters in range 128-159 (on non-EBCDIC hosts) are not
printable characters.
160 the ISO Latin-1 no-break space is mapped to `\~', the
stretchable space character.
173 the soft hyphen control character. groff never uses this
character for output (thus it is omitted in the table below);
the input character 173 is mapped onto `\%'.
The remaining ranges (161-172, 174-255) are printable characters that
print as themselves. Although they can be specified directly with the
keyboard on systems with a Latin-1 code page, it is better to use their
glyph names; see next section.
Output Input Input PostScript Unicode Notes
name code name decomposed
!
!161exclamdownu00A1
inverted exclamation mark
/c
/c162centu00A2
-L
-L163sterlingu00A3
ox
ox164currencyu00A4
=Y
=Y165yenu00A5
|
|166brokenbaru00A6
<section>
<section>167sectionu00A7
"
"168dieresisu00A8
(C)
(C)169copyrightu00A9
a
a170ordfeminineu00AA
<<
<<171guillemotleftu00AB
~
~172logicalnotu00AC
(R)
(R)174registeredu00AE
-
-175macronu00AF
<degree>
<degree>176degreeu00B0
+-
+-177plusminusu00B1
^2
^2178twosuperioru00B2
^3
^3179threesuperioru00B3
'
'180acuteu00B4
acute accent
<micro>
<micro>181muu00B5
micro sign
<paragraph>
<paragraph>182paragraphu00B6
.
.183periodcenteredu00B7
,
,184cedillau00B8
^1
^1185onesuperioru00B9
o
o186ordmasculineu00BA
>>
>>187guillemotrightu00BB
1/4
1/4188onequarteru00BC
1/2
1/2189onehalfu00BD
3/4
3/4190threequartersu00BE
?
?191questiondownu00BF
`A
`A192Agraveu0041_0300
'A
'A193Aacuteu0041_0301
^A
^A194Acircumflexu0041_0302
~A
~A195Atildeu0041_0303
"A
"A196Adieresisu0041_0308
oA
oA197Aringu0041_030A
AE
AE198AEu00C6
,C
,C199Ccedillau0043_0327
`E
`E200Egraveu0045_0300
'E
'E201Eacuteu0045_0301
^E
^E202Ecircumflexu0045_0302
"E
"E203Edieresisu0045_0308
`I
`I204Igraveu0049_0300
'I
'I205Iacuteu0049_0301
^I
^I206Icircumflexu0049_0302
"I
"I207Idieresisu0049_0308
Dh
Dh208Ethu00D0
~N
~N209Ntildeu004E_0303
`O
`O210Ograveu004F_0300
'O
'O211Oacuteu004F_0301
^O
^O212Ocircumflexu004F_0302
~O
~O213Otildeu004F_0303
"O
"O214Odieresisu004F_0308
x
x215multiplyu00D7
/O
/O216Oslashu00D8
`U
`U217Ugraveu0055_0300
'U
'U218Uacuteu0055_0301
^U
^U219Ucircumflexu0055_0302
"U
"U220Udieresisu0055_0308
'Y
'Y221Yacuteu0059_0301
Th
Th222Thornu00DE
ss
ss223germandblsu00DF
`a
`a224agraveu0061_0300
'a
'a225aacuteu0061_0301
^a
^a226acircumflexu0061_0302
~a
~a227atildeu0061_0303
"a
"a228adieresisu0061_0308
oa
oa229aringu0061_030A
ae
ae230aeu00E6
,c
,c231ccedillau0063_0327
`e
`e232egraveu0065_0300
'e
'e233eacuteu0065_0301
^e
^e234ecircumflexu0065_0302
"e
"e235edieresisu0065_0308
`i
`i236igraveu0069_0300
'i
'i237iacuteu0069_0301
^i
^i238icircumflexu0069_0302
"i
"i239idieresisu0069_0308
dh
dh240ethu00F0
~n
~n241ntildeu006E_0303
`o
`o242ograveu006F_0300
'o
'o243oacuteu006F_0301
^o
^o244ocircumflexu006F_0302
~o
~o245otildeu006F_0303
"o
"o246odieresisu006F_0308
/
/247divideu00F7
/o
/o248oslashu00F8
`u
`u249ugraveu0075_0300
'u
'u250uacuteu0075_0301
^u
^u251ucircumflexu0075_0302
"u
"u252udieresisu0075_0308
'y
'y253yacuteu0079_0301
th
th254thornu00FE
"y
"y255ydieresisu0079_0308
Named Glyphs
Glyph names can be embedded into the document text by using escape
sequences. groff(7) describes how these escape sequences look. Glyph
names can consist of quite arbitrary characters from the ASCII or
Latin-1 code set, not only alphanumeric characters. Here some
examples:
\c A glyph having the name c, which consists of a single character
(length 1).
\(ch A glyph having the 2-character name ch.
\[char_name]
A glyph having the name char_name (having length 1, 2, 3, ...).
\[base_glyph composite_1 composite_2 ...]
A composite glyph; see below for a more detailed description.
In groff, each 8-bit input character can also referred to by the
construct `\[charn]' where n is the decimal code of the character, a
number between 0 and 255 without leading zeros (those entities are not
glyph names). They are normally mapped onto glyphs using the .trin
request. Another special convention is the handling of glyphs with
names directly derived from a Unicode code point; this is discussed
below. Moreover, new glyph names can be created by the .char request;
see groff(7).
In the following, a plus sign in the `Notes' column indicates that this
particular glyph name appears in the PS version of the original troff
documentation, CSTR 54.
Output Input PostScript Unicode Notes
name name decomposed
\[-D]
DhEthu00D0
uppercase eth
\[Sd]
dhethu00F0
lowercase eth
\[TP]
ThThornu00DE
uppercase thorn
\[Tp]
ththornu00FE
lowercase thorn
\[ss]
ssgermandblsu00DF
German sharp s
Ligatures and Other Latin Glyphs
\[ff]
ffffu0066_0066
ff ligature +
\[fi]
fifiu0066_0069
fi ligature +
\[fl]
flflu0066_006C
fl ligature +
\[Fi]
ffiffiu0066_0066_0069
ffi ligature +
\[Fl]
fflfflu0066_0066_006C
ffl ligature +
\[/L]
/LLslashu0141
(Polish)
\[/l]
/llslashu0142
(Polish)
\[/O]
/OOslashu00D8
(Scandinavic)
\[/o]
/ooslashu00F8
(Scandinavic)
\[AE]
AEAEu00C6
\[ae]
aeaeu00E6
\[OE]
OEOEu0152
\[oe]
oeoeu0153
\[IJ]
IJIJu0132
(Dutch)
\[ij]
ijiju0133
(Dutch)
\[.i]
idotlessiu0131
(Turkish)
\[.j]
jdotlessj---
j without a dot
Accented Characters
\['A]
'AAacuteu0041_0301
\['C]
(N/A)Cacuteu0043_0301
\['E]
'EEacuteu0045_0301
\['I]
'IIacuteu0049_0301
\['O]
'OOacuteu004F_0301
\['U]
'UUacuteu0055_0301
\['Y]
'YYacuteu0059_0301
\['a]
'aaacuteu0061_0301
\['c]
(N/A)cacuteu0063_0301
\['e]
'eeacuteu0065_0301
\['i]
'iiacuteu0069_0301
\['o]
'ooacuteu006F_0301
\['u]
'uuacuteu0075_0301
\['y]
'yyacuteu0079_0301
\[:A]
"AAdieresisu0041_0308
A with umlaut
\[:E]
"EEdieresisu0045_0308
\[:I]
"IIdieresisu0049_0308
\[:O]
"OOdieresisu004F_0308
\[:U]
"UUdieresisu0055_0308
\[:Y]
(N/A)Ydieresisu0059_0308
\[:a]
"aadieresisu0061_0308
\[:e]
"eedieresisu0065_0308
\[:i]
"iidieresisu0069_0308
\[:o]
"oodieresisu006F_0308
\[:u]
"uudieresisu0075_0308
\[:y]
"yydieresisu0079_0308
\[^A]
^AAcircumflexu0041_0302
\[^E]
^EEcircumflexu0045_0302
\[^I]
^IIcircumflexu0049_0302
\[^O]
^OOcircumflexu004F_0302
\[^U]
^UUcircumflexu0055_0302
\[^a]
^aacircumflexu0061_0302
\[^e]
^eecircumflexu0065_0302
\[^i]
^iicircumflexu0069_0302
\[^o]
^oocircumflexu006F_0302
\[^u]
^uucircumflexu0075_0302
\[`A]
`AAgraveu0041_0300
\[`E]
`EEgraveu0045_0300
\[`I]
`IIgraveu0049_0300
\[`O]
`OOgraveu004F_0300
\[`U]
`UUgraveu0055_0300
\[`a]
`aagraveu0061_0300
\[`e]
`eegraveu0065_0300
\[`i]
`iigraveu0069_0300
\[`o]
`oograveu006F_0300
\[`u]
`uugraveu0075_0300
\[~A]
~AAtildeu0041_0303
\[~N]
~NNtildeu004E_0303
\[~O]
~OOtildeu004F_0303
\[~a]
~aatildeu0061_0303
\[~n]
~nntildeu006E_0303
\[~o]
~ootildeu006F_0303
\[vS]
(N/A)Scaronu0053_030C
\[vs]
(N/A)scaronu0073_030C
\[vZ]
(N/A)Zcaronu005A_030C
\[vz]
(N/A)zcaronu007A_030C
\[,C]
,CCcedillau0043_0327
\[,c]
,cccedillau0063_0327
\[oA]
oAAringu0041_030A
\[oa]
oaaringu0061_030A
Accents
The composite request is used to map most of the accents to non-spacing
glyph names; the values given in parentheses are the original (spacing)
ones.
Output Input PostScript Unicode Notes
name name decomposed
\[a"]
(N/A)hungarumlautu030B (u02DD)
(Hungarian)
\[a-]
-macronu0304 (u00AF)
\[a.]
.dotaccentu0307 (u02D9)
\[a^]
^circumflexu0302 (u005E)
\[aa]
'acuteu0301 (u00B4)
+
\[ga]
`graveu0300 (u0060)
+
\[ab]
'`breveu0306 (u02D8)
\[ac]
,cedillau0327 (u00B8)
\[ad]
"dieresisu0308 (u00A8)
umlaut
\[ah]
vcaronu030C (u02C7)
h'a vcek
\[ao]
oringu030A (u02DA)
circle
\[a~]
~tildeu0303 (u007E)
\[ho]
,ogoneku0328 (u02DB)
hook
\[ha]
^asciicircumu005E
(spacing)
\[ti]
~asciitildeu007E
(spacing)
Quotes
\[Bq]
,,quotedblbaseu201E
low double comma quote
\[bq]
,quotesinglbaseu201A
low single comma quote
\[lq]
"quotedblleftu201C
\[rq]
"quotedblrightu201D
\[oq]
`quoteleftu2018
single open quote
\[cq]
'quoterightu2019
single closing quote
\[aq]
'quotesingleu0027
apostrophe quote (ASCII 39)
\[dq]
"quotedblu0022
double quote (ASCII 34)
\[Fo]
<<guillemotleftu00AB
\[Fc]
>>guillemotrightu00BB
\[fo]
<guilsinglleftu2039
\[fc]
>guilsinglrightu203A
Punctuation
\[r!]
!exclamdownu00A1
\[r?]
?questiondownu00BF
\[em]
--emdashu2014
+
\[en]
-endashu2013
\[hy]
-hyphenu2010
+
Brackets
The extensible bracket pieces are font-invariant glyphs. In classical
troff only one glyph was available to vertically extend brackets,
braces, and parentheses: `bv'. We map it rather arbitrarily to u23AA.
Note that not all devices contain extensible bracket pieces which can
be piled up with `\b' due to the restrictions of the escape's piling
algorithm. A general solution to build brackets out of pieces is the
following macro:
.\" Make a pile centered vertically 0.5em
.\" above the baseline.
.\" The first argument is placed at the top.
.\" The pile is returned in string `pile'
.eo
.de pile-make
. nr pile-wd 0
. nr pile-ht 0
. ds pile-args
.
. nr pile-# \n[.$]
. while \n[pile-#] \{\
. nr pile-wd (\n[pile-wd] >? \w'\$[\n[pile-#]]')
. nr pile-ht +(\n[rst] - \n[rsb])
. as pile-args \v'\n[rsb]u'\"
. as pile-args \Z'\$[\n[pile-#]]'\"
. as pile-args \v'-\n[rst]u'\"
. nr pile-# -1
. \}
.
. ds pile \v'(-0.5m + (\n[pile-ht]u / 2u))'\"
. as pile \*[pile-args]\"
. as pile \v'((\n[pile-ht]u / 2u) + 0.5m)'\"
. as pile \h'\n[pile-wd]u'\"
..
.ec
Another complication is the fact that some glyphs which represent
bracket pieces in original troff can be used for other mathematical
symbols also, for example `lf' and `rf' which provide the `floor'
operator. Other devices (most notably for DVI output) don't unify such
glyphs. For this reason, the four glyphs `lf', `rf', `lc', and `rc'
are not unified with similarly looking bracket pieces. In groff, only
glyphs with long names are guaranteed to pile up correctly for all
devices (provided those glyphs exist).
Output Input PostScript Unicode Notes
name name decomposed
\[lB]
[bracketleftu005B
\[rB]
]bracketrightu005D
\[lC]
{braceleftu007B
\[rC]
}bracerightu007D
\[la]
<angleleftu27E8
left angle bracket
\[ra]
>anglerightu27E9
right angle bracket
\[bv]
|braceexu23AA
vertical extension *** +
\[braceex]
|braceexu23AA
\[bracketlefttp]
|bracketlefttpu23A1
\[bracketleftbt]
|bracketleftbtu23A3
\[bracketleftex]
|bracketleftexu23A2
\[bracketrighttp]
|bracketrighttpu23A4
\[bracketrightbt]
|bracketrightbtu23A6
\[bracketrightex]
|bracketrightexu23A5
\[lt]
,-bracelefttpu23A7
+
\[bracelefttp]
,-bracelefttpu23A7
\[lk]
{braceleftmidu23A8
+
\[braceleftmid]
{braceleftmidu23A8
\[lb]
`-braceleftbtu23A9
+
\[braceleftbt]
`-braceleftbtu23A9
\[braceleftex]
|braceleftexu23AA
\[rt]
-.bracerighttpu23AB
+
\[bracerighttp]
-.bracerighttpu23AB
\[rk]
}bracerightmidu23AC
+
\[bracerightmid]
}bracerightmidu23AC
\[rb]
-'bracerightbtu23AD
+
\[bracerightbt]
-'bracerightbtu23AD
\[bracerightex]
|bracerightexu23AA
\[parenlefttp]
/parenlefttpu239B
\[parenleftbt]
\parenleftbtu239D
\[parenleftex]
|parenleftexu239C
\[parenrighttp]
\parenrighttpu239E
\[parenrightbt]
/parenrightbtu23A0
\[parenrightex]
|parenrightexu239F
Arrows
\[<-]
<-arrowleftu2190
+
\[->]
->arrowrightu2192
+
\[<>]
<->arrowbothu2194
(horizontal)
\[da]
|varrowdownu2193
+
\[ua]
|^arrowupu2191
+
\[va]
^varrowupdnu2195
\[lA]
<=arrowdblleftu21D0
\[rA]
=>arrowdblrightu21D2
\[hA]
<=>arrowdblbothu21D4
(horizontal)
\[dA]
=varrowdbldownu21D3
\[uA]
=^arrowdblupu21D1
\[vA]
^=vuni21D5u21D5
vertical double-headed double arrow
\[an]
-arrowhorizexu23AF
horizontal arrow extension
Lines
The font-invariant glyphs `br', `ul', and `rn' form corners; they can
be used to build boxes. Note that both the PostScript and the Unicode-
derived names of these three glyphs are just rough approximations.
`rn' also serves in classical troff as the horizontal extension of the
square root sign.
`ru' is a font-invariant glyph, namely a rule of length 0.5m.
Output Input PostScript Unicode Notes
name name decomposed
\[ba]
|baru007C
\[br]
|SF110000u2502
box rule +
\[ul]
_underscoreu005F
+
\[rn]
-overlineu203E
use `\[radicalex]' for continuation of square
root +
\[ru]
_------
baseline rule +
\[bb]
|brokenbaru00A6
\[sl]
/slashu002F
+
\[rs]
\backslashu005C
reverse solidus
Text markers
\[ci]
Ocircleu25CB
+
\[bu]
⊕bulletu2022
+
\[dd]
<**>daggerdblu2021
double dagger sign +
\[dg]
<*>daggeru2020
+
\[lz]
<>lozengeu25CA
\[sq]
[]uni25A1u25A1
white square +
\[ps]
<paragraph>paragraphu00B6
\[sc]
<section>sectionu00A7
+
\[lh]
<=uni261Cu261C
hand pointing left +
\[rh]
=>a14u261E
hand pointing right +
\[at]
@atu0040
\[sh]
#numbersignu0023
\[CR]
<cr>carriagereturnu21B5
\[OK]
\/a19u2713
check mark, tick
Legal Symbols
\[co]
(C)copyrightu00A9
+
\[rg]
(R)registeredu00AE
+
\[tm]
tmtrademarku2122
\[bs]
(N/A)------
AT&T Bell Labs logo (not used in groff) +
Currency symbols
\[Do]
$dollaru0024
\[ct]
/ccentu00A2
+
\[eu]
EUR---u20AC
official Euro symbol
\[Eu]
EUREurou20AC
font-specific Euro glyph variant
\[Ye]
=Yyenu00A5
\[Po]
-Lsterlingu00A3
British currency sign
\[Cs]
oxcurrencyu00A4
Scandinavian currency sign
\[Fn]
,fflorinu0192
Dutch currency sign
Units
\[de]
<degree>degreeu00B0
+
\[%0]
<permille>perthousandu2030
per thousand, per mille sign
\[fm]
'minuteu2032
footmark, prime +
\[sd]
''secondu2033
\[mc]
<micro>muu00B5
micro sign
\[Of]
aordfeminineu00AA
\[Om]
oordmasculineu00BA
Logical Symbols
\[AN]
^logicalandu2227
\[OR]
vlogicaloru2228
\[no]
~logicalnotu00AC
+
\[tno]
~logicalnotu00AC
text variant of `no'
\[te]
<there exists>existentialu2203
there exists, existential quantifier
\[fa]
<for all>universalu2200
for all, universal quantifier
\[st]
<such that>suchthatu220B
\[3d]
<therefore>thereforeu2234
\[tf]
<therefore>thereforeu2234
\[or]
|baru007C
bitwise OR operator (as used in C) +
Mathematical Symbols
\[12]
1/2onehalfu00BD
+
\[14]
1/4onequarteru00BC
+
\[34]
3/4threequartersu00BE
+
\[18]
1/8oneeighthu215B
\[38]
3/8threeeighthsu215C
\[58]
5/8fiveeighthsu215D
\[78]
7/8seveneighthsu215E
\[S1]
^1onesuperioru00B9
\[S2]
^2twosuperioru00B2
\[S3]
^3threesuperioru00B3
\[pl]
+plusu002B
plus sign in special font +
\[mi]
-minusu2212
minus sign in special font +
\[-+]
-+uni2213u2213
\[+-]
+-plusminusu00B1
+
\[t+-]
+-plusminusu00B1
text variant of `+-'
\[pc]
.periodcenteredu00B7
\[md]
.dotmathu22C5
multiplication dot
\[mu]
xmultiplyu00D7
+
\[tmu]
xmultiplyu00D7
text variant of `mu'
\[c*]
Oxcirclemultiplyu2297
multiply sign in a circle
\[c+]
O+circleplusu2295
plus sign in a circle
\[di]
/divideu00F7
division sign +
\[tdi]
/divideu00F7
text variant of `di'
\[f/]
/fractionu2044
bar for fractions
\[**]
*asteriskmathu2217
+
\[<=]
<=lessequalu2264
+
\[>=]
>=greaterequalu2265
+
\[<<]
<<uni226Au226A
much less
\[>>]
>>uni226Bu226B
much greater
\[eq]
=equalu003D
equals sign in special font +
\[!=]
!=notequalu003D_0338
+
\[==]
==equivalenceu2261
+
\[ne]
!==uni2262u2261_0338
\[=~]
=~congruentu2245
approx. equal
\[|=]
-~uni2243u2243
asymptot. equal to +
\[ap]
~similaru223C
+
\[~~]
~~approxequalu2248
almost equal to
\[~=]
~=approxequalu2248
\[pt]
<proportional to>proportionalu221D
+
\[es]
{}emptysetu2205
+
\[mo]
<element of>elementu2208
+
\[nm]
<not element of>notelementu2208_0338
\[sb]
<proper subset>propersubsetu2282
+
\[nb]
<not subset>notsubsetu2282_0338
\[sp]
<proper superset>propersupersetu2283
+
\[nc]
<not superset>uni2285u2283_0338
not superset
\[ib]
<subset or equal>reflexsubsetu2286
+
\[ip]
<superset or equal>reflexsupersetu2287
+
\[ca]
<intersection>intersectionu2229
intersection, cap +
\[cu]
<union>unionu222A
union, cup +
\[/_]
<angle>angleu2220
\[pp]
<perpendicular>perpendicularu22A5
\[is]
<integral>integralu222B
+
\[integral]
<integral>integralu222B
***
\[sum]
<sum>summationu2211
***
\[product]
<product>productu220F
***
\[coproduct]
<coproduct>uni2210u2210
***
\[gr]
<nabla>gradientu2207
+
\[sr]
<sqrt>radicalu221A
square root +
\[sqrt]
<sqrt>radicalu221A
***
\[radicalex]
(N/A)radicalex---
continuation of square root
\[sqrtex]
(N/A)radicalex---
***
\[lc]
|~uni2308u2308
left ceiling +
\[rc]
~|uni2309u2309
right ceiling +
\[lf]
|_uni230Au230A
left floor +
\[rf]
_|uni230Bu230B
right floor +
\[if]
<infinity>infinityu221E
+
\[Ah]
<Aleph>alephu2135
\[Im]
<Im>Ifrakturu2111
Gothic I, imaginary
\[Re]
<Re>Rfrakturu211C
Gothic R, real
\[wp]
pweierstrassu2118
Weierstrass p
\[pd]
<del>partialdiffu2202
partial differentiation sign +
\[-h]
/huni210Fu210F
Planck constant over two pi
\[hbar]
/huni210Fu210F
Greek characters
These glyphs are intended for technical use, not for real Greek;
normally, the uppercase letters have upright shape, and the lowercase
ones are slanted. There is a problem with the mapping of letter phi to
Unicode. Prior to Unicode version 3.0, the difference between U+03C6,
GREEK SMALL LETTER PHI, and U+03D5, GREEK PHI SYMBOL, was not clearly
described; only the glyph shapes in the Unicode book could be used as a
reference. Starting with Unicode 3.0, the reference glyphs have been
exchanged and described verbally also: In mathematical context, U+03D5
is the stroked variant and U+03C5 the curly glyph. Unfortunately, most
font vendors didn't update their fonts to this (incompatible) change in
Unicode. At the time of this writing (February 2003), it is not clear
yet whether the Adobe Glyph Names `phi' and `phi1' also change its
meaning if used for mathematics, thus compatibility problems are likely
to happen - being conservative, groff currently assumes that `phi' in a
PostScript symbol font is the stroked version.
In groff, symbol `\[*f]' always denotes the stroked version of phi, and
`\[+f]' the curly variant.
\[*A]
AAlphau0391
+
\[*B]
BBetau0392
+
\[*G]
<Gamma>Gammau0393
+
\[*D]
<Delta>Deltau0394
+
\[*E]
EEpsilonu0395
+
\[*Z]
ZZetau0396
+
\[*Y]
HEtau0397
+
\[*H]
<Theta>Thetau0398
+
\[*I]
IIotau0399
+
\[*K]
KKappau039A
+
\[*L]
<Lambda>Lambdau039B
+
\[*M]
MMuu039C
+
\[*N]
NNuu039D
+
\[*C]
<Xi>Xiu039E
+
\[*O]
OOmicronu039F
+
\[*P]
<Pi>Piu03A0
+
\[*R]
PRhou03A1
+
\[*S]
<Sigma>Sigmau03A3
+
\[*T]
TTauu03A4
+
\[*U]
YUpsilonu03A5
+
\[*F]
<Phi>Phiu03A6
+
\[*X]
XChiu03A7
+
\[*Q]
<Psi>Psiu03A8
+
\[*W]
<Omega>Omegau03A9
+
\[*a]
<alpha>alphau03B1
+
\[*b]
<beta>betau03B2
+
\[*g]
<gamma>gammau03B3
+
\[*d]
<delta>deltau03B4
+
\[*e]
<epsilon>epsilonu03B5
+
\[*z]
<zeta>zetau03B6
+
\[*y]
<eta>etau03B7
+
\[*h]
<theta>thetau03B8
+
\[*i]
<iota>iotau03B9
+
\[*k]
<kappa>kappau03BA
+
\[*l]
<lambda>lambdau03BB
+
\[*m]
<mu>muu03BC
+
\[*n]
<nu>nuu03BD
+
\[*c]
<xi>xiu03BE
+
\[*o]
oomicronu03BF
+
\[*p]
<pi>piu03C0
+
\[*r]
<rho>rhou03C1
+
\[ts]
<sigma>sigma1u03C2
terminal sigma +
\[*s]
<sigma>sigmau03C3
+
\[*t]
<tau>tauu03C4
+
\[*u]
<upsilon>upsilonu03C5
+
\[*f]
<phi>phiu03D5
(stroked glyph)+
\[*x]
<chi>chiu03C7
+
\[*q]
<psi>psiu03C8
+
\[*w]
<omega>omegau03C9
+
\[+h]
<theta>theta1u03D1
variant theta
\[+f]
<phi>phi1u03C6
variant phi (curly shape)
\[+p]
<pi>omega1u03D6
variant pi, looking like omega
\[+e]
<epsilon>uni03F5u03F5
variant epsilon
Card symbols
\[CL]
Cclubu2663
black club suit
\[SP]
Sspadeu2660
black spade suit
\[HE]
Hheartu2665
black heart suit
\[u2662]
<?>uni2662u2662
white heart suit
\[DI]
Ddiamondu2666
black diamond suit
\[u2661]
<?>uni2661u2661
white diamond suit
AUTHOR
Copyright (C) 1989-2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 Free Software
Foundation, Inc.
This document is distributed under the terms of the FDL (GNU Free
Documentation License) version 1.1 or later. You should have received
a copy of the FDL on your system, it is also available on-line at the
This document is part of groff, the GNU roff distribution. It was
written by with additions by and
SEE ALSO
groff(1)
the GNU roff formatter.
groff(7)
a short reference of the groff formatting language.
An extension to the troff character set for Europe, E.G. Keizer, K.J.
Simonsen, J. Akkerhuis; EUUG Newsletter, Volume 9, No. 2, Summer 1989
Groff Version 1.19.2 September 4, 2005 GROFF_CHAR(7)