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KERNEL_SANITIZERS(7)   Miscellaneous Information Manual   KERNEL_SANITIZERS(7)

NAME
     kernel_sanitizers - NetBSD Kernel Sanitizers

DESCRIPTION
     Kernel Sanitizers are powerful kernel bug detection features that can
     automatically discover several classes of bugs at run time while the
     kernel executes.

     NetBSD supports four kernel sanitizers.  They are not mutually
     compatible, and only one can be enabled at a time, via compilation
     options.

KUBSAN
     Kernel Undefined Behavior Sanitizer, specializes in finding several types
     of undefined behaviors, such a misaligned accesses and integer overflows.

   Runtime cost
     Heavy runtime checks.

   Used components
     Compiler instrumentation and an entirely MI runtime.

   Supported architectures
     aarch64 (gcc), amd64 (gcc), arm (gcc).  [Theoretically supported on all
     other architectures with no MD change required]

   Files
     src/common/lib/libc/misc/ubsan.c
           Core KUBSAN code.  MI.

KASAN
     Kernel Address Sanitizer, specializes in finding memory corruptions such
     as buffer overflows and use-after-frees.

   Runtime cost
     Heavy runtime checks, and ~12.5% increase in memory consumption.

   Used components
     Shadow memory, compiler instrumentation, special kernel wrappers, and
     light MD infrastructure.

   Supported architectures
     aarch64 (gcc), amd64 (gcc, llvm), arm (gcc).

     KASAN is made of six sub-features that perform memory validation:

               +-----------------------------------------------------+
               |                SUPPORTED SUB-FEATURE                |
     +---------+------+-------+---------+-----------+---------+------+
     |  PORT   | HEAP | STACK | ATOMICS | BUS_SPACE | BUS_DMA | VLAs |
     +---------+------+-------+---------+-----------+---------+------+
     | amd64   | Yes  | Yes   | Yes     | Yes       | Yes     | Yes  |
     +---------+------+-------+---------+-----------+---------+------+
     | aarch64 | Yes  | Yes   | Yes     | No        | Yes     | Yes  |
     +---------+------+-------+---------+-----------+---------+------+
     | arm     | Yes  | Yes   | Yes     | No        | Yes     | Yes  |
     +---------+------+-------+---------+-----------+---------+------+

     An architecture is allowed to have only partial support.

   Files
     src/sys/kern/subr_asan.c
           Core KASAN code.  MI.
     src/sys/sys/asan.h
           Main KASAN header.  MI.
     src/sys/arch/{port}/include/asan.h
           Port-specific KASAN code.  MD.

     Each new port of KASAN should respect the existing naming conventions,
     and should introduce only one MD header file.

KCSAN
     Kernel Concurrency Sanitizer, specializes in finding memory races.

   Runtime cost
     Medium runtime checks.

   Used components
     Compiler instrumentation, special kernel wrappers, and light MD
     infrastructure.

   Supported architectures
     amd64 (gcc).

   Files
     src/sys/kern/subr_csan.c
           Core KCSAN code.  MI.
     src/sys/sys/csan.h
           Main KCSAN header.  MI.
     src/sys/arch/{port}/include/csan.h
           Port-specific KCSAN code.  MD.

     Each new port of KCSAN should respect the existing naming conventions,
     and should introduce only one MD header file.

KMSAN
     Kernel Memory Sanitizer, specializes in finding uninitialized memory.

   Runtime cost
     Heavy runtime checks, and ~200% increase in memory consumption.

   Used components
     Double shadow memory, compiler instrumentation, special kernel wrappers,
     and heavy MD infrastructure.

   Supported architectures
     amd64 (llvm).

   Files
     src/sys/kern/subr_msan.c
           Core KMSAN code.  MI.
     src/sys/sys/msan.h
           Main KMSAN header.  MI.
     src/sys/arch/{port}/include/msan.h
           Port-specific KMSAN code.  MD.

     Each new port of KMSAN should respect the existing naming conventions,
     and should introduce only one MD header file.

AUTHORS
     Support for KUBSAN was developed by Kamil Rytarowski.  Support for KASAN,
     KCSAN and KMSAN was developed by Maxime Villard.  Support for KASAN on
     ARM was developed by Nick Hudson.

NetBSD 10.99                     July 12, 2020                    NetBSD 10.99