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SCHED(3)                   Library Functions Manual                   SCHED(3)

NAME
     sched_setparam, sched_getparam, sched_setscheduler, sched_getscheduler,
     sched_get_priority_max, sched_get_priority_min, sched_rr_get_interval,
     sched_yield, sched_protect, sched_setaffinity_np, sched_getaffinity_np -
     process scheduling

LIBRARY
     POSIX Real-time Library (librt, -lrt)

SYNOPSIS
     #include <sched.h>

     int
     sched_setparam(pid_t pid, const struct sched_param *param);

     int
     sched_getparam(pid_t pid, struct sched_param *param);

     int
     sched_setscheduler(pid_t pid, int policy,
         const struct sched_param *param);

     int
     sched_getscheduler(pid_t pid);

     int
     sched_get_priority_max(int policy);

     int
     sched_get_priority_min(int policy);

     int
     sched_rr_get_interval(pid_t pid, struct timespec *interval);

     int
     sched_yield(void);

     int
     sched_setaffinity_np(pid_t pid, size_t size, cpuset_t *cpuset);

     int
     sched_getaffinity_np(pid_t pid, size_t size, cpuset_t *cpuset);

     int
     sched_protect(int priority);

DESCRIPTION
     This section describes the functions used to get scheduling information
     about processes, and control the scheduling of processes.

     Available scheduling policies (classes) are:

     SCHED_OTHER  Time-sharing (TS) scheduling policy.  The default policy in
                  NetBSD.

     SCHED_FIFO   First in, first out (FIFO) scheduling policy.

     SCHED_RR     Round robin scheduling policy.

     The struct sched_param contains at least one member:

     sched_priority
            Specifies the priority of the process.  For SCHED_OTHER, must be
            PRI_NONE; the kernel will dynamically assign priorities to the
            thread based on CPU load.

FUNCTIONS
     sched_setparam(pid, param)
              Sets the scheduling parameters for the process specified by pid
              to param.  If the value of pid is equal to zero, then the
              calling process is used.

     sched_getparam(pid, param)
              Gets the scheduling parameters of the process specified by pid
              into the structure param.  If the value of pid is equal to zero,
              then the calling process is used.

     sched_setscheduler(pid, policy, param)
              Set the scheduling policy and parameters for the process
              specified by pid.  If the value of pid is equal to zero, then
              the calling process is used.

     sched_getscheduler(pid)
              Returns the scheduling policy of the process specified by pid.
              If the value of pid is equal to zero, then the calling process
              is used.

     sched_get_priority_max(policy)
              Returns the maximal priority which may be used for the
              scheduling policy specified by policy.

     sched_get_priority_min(policy)
              Returns the minimal priority which may be used for the
              scheduling policy specified by policy.

     sched_rr_get_interval(pid, interval)
              Returns the time quantum into the structure interval of the
              process specified by pid.  If the value of pid is equal to zero,
              then the calling process is used.  The process must be running
              at SCHED_RR scheduling policy.

     sched_yield()
              Yields a processor voluntarily and gives other threads a chance
              to run without waiting for an involuntary preemptive switch.

     sched_setaffinity_np(pid, size, cpuset)
              Set the affinity mask specified by cpuset for the process
              specified by pid.  At least one valid CPU must be set in the
              mask.

     sched_getaffinity_np(pid, size, cpuset)
              Get the affinity mask of the process specified by pid into the
              cpuset.

     sched_protect(priority)
              Performs priority protection using the PTHREAD_PRIO_PROTECT
              protocol.  This function will increase the protected priority of
              the caller thread to priority if the current thread's protected
              priority is smaller than priority.  Multiple calls to
              sched_protect() with a positive priority will "push" a priority
              level to the current thread, whereas calling sched_protect()
              with a priority level of -1 will "pop" a priority level.  When
              the level reaches 0 (the same number of "pushes" and "pops" have
              been issued) the original thread priority will be restored.

IMPLEMENTATION NOTES
     Setting CPU affinity(3) requires super-user privileges.  Ordinary users
     can be allowed to control CPU affinity of their threads via the
     security.models.extensions.user_set_cpu_affinity sysctl(7).  See
     secmodel_extensions(9).

     Portable applications should not use the sched_setaffinity_np() and
     sched_getaffinity_np() functions.

RETURN VALUES
     sched_protect(), sched_setparam(), sched_getparam(),
     sched_rr_get_interval(), and sched_yield() return 0 on success.
     Otherwise, -1 is returned and errno is set to indicate the error.

     sched_setscheduler() returns the previously used scheduling policy on
     success.  Otherwise, -1 is returned and errno is set to indicate the
     error.

     sched_getscheduler() returns the scheduling policy on success.
     Otherwise, -1 is returned and errno is set to indicate the error.

     sched_get_priority_max() and sched_get_priority_min() return the
     maximal/minimal priority value on success.  Otherwise, -1 is returned and
     errno is set to indicate the error.

     sched_setaffinity_np() and sched_getaffinity_np() return 0 on success.
     Otherwise, -1 is returned and errno is set to indicate the error.

ERRORS
     The sched_setparam() and sched_setscheduler() functions fail if:

     [EINVAL]           At least one of the specified scheduling parameters
                        was invalid.

     [EPERM]            The calling process has no appropriate privileges to
                        perform the operation.

     [ESRCH]            No process can be found corresponding to the PID
                        specified by pid, and the value of pid is not zero.

     The sched_getparam() and sched_getscheduler() functions fail if:

     [EPERM]            The calling process is not a super-user and its
                        effective user id does not match the effective user-id
                        of the specified process.

     [ESRCH]            No process can be found corresponding to that
                        specified by pid, and the value of pid is not zero.

     The sched_get_priority_max() and sched_get_priority_min() functions fail
     if:

     [EINVAL]           The specified scheduling policy is invalid.

     The sched_rr_get_interval() function fails if:

     [ESRCH]            No process can be found corresponding to that
                        specified by pid, and the value of pid is not zero.

     The sched_protect() function fails if:

     [EINVAL]           The thread was not priority protected.

     [EPERM]            The priority parameter was out of range (not in the
                        range between SCHED_PRIO_MIN and SCHED_PRIO_MAX).

SEE ALSO
     affinity(3), cpuset(3), pset(3), schedctl(8)

STANDARDS
     These functions, except sched_setaffinity_np() and
     sched_getaffinity_np(), are expected to conform the IEEE Std 1003.1-2001
     ("POSIX.1") standard.

HISTORY
     The scheduling functions appeared in NetBSD 5.0.

NetBSD 10.99                    August 5, 2016                    NetBSD 10.99