Updated: 2022/Sep/29

Please read Privacy Policy. It's for your privacy.


INSTALLBOOT(8)              System Manager's Manual             INSTALLBOOT(8)

NAME
     installboot - install disk bootstrap software

SYNOPSIS
     installboot [-fnv] [-B s2bno] [-b s1bno] [-m machine] [-o options]
                 [-t fstype] [-u U-Boot-paths] filesystem primary [secondary]
     installboot -c [-fnv] [-m machine] [-o options] [-t fstype] filesystem
     installboot -e [-fnv] [-m machine] [-o options] bootstrap

DESCRIPTION
     The installboot utility installs and removes NetBSD disk bootstrap
     software into a file system.  installboot can install primary into
     filesystem, or disable an existing bootstrap in filesystem.

   Traditional NetBSD boot
     Generally, NetBSD disk bootstrap software consists of two parts: a
     "primary" bootstrap program usually written into the disklabel area of
     the file system by installboot, and a "secondary" bootstrap program that
     usually resides as an ordinary file in the file system.

     When booting, the primary bootstrap program is loaded and invoked by the
     machine's PROM or BIOS.  After receiving control of the system it loads
     and runs the secondary bootstrap program, which in turn loads and runs
     the kernel.  The secondary bootstrap may allow control over various boot
     parameters passed to the kernel.

     Perform the following steps to make a file system bootable:

     1.   Copy the secondary bootstrap (usually /usr/mdec/boot.<MACHINE> or
          /usr/mdec/boot) to the root directory of the target file system.

     2.   Use installboot to install the primary bootstrap program (usually
          /usr/mdec/bootxx_<FSTYPE>) into filesystem.

          The following platforms do not require this step if the primary
          bootstrap already exists and the secondary bootstrap file is just
          being updated: alpha, amd64, amiga, i386, pmax, sparc64, and vax.

          The following platform does not require the first step since a
          single bootstrap file is used.  The single bootstrap is installed
          like the primary bootstrap on other platforms: next68k.

     On some architectures the options of an existing installed bootstrap, or
     those of a bootstrap file can be changed.  Installing a new primary
     bootstrap will reset those options to default values.

   Embedded board types
     Some platforms, typically embedded system platforms, are umbrella
     platforms that support many different individual board types, each with
     their own boot loader binary and installation procedure requirements.  On
     these platforms, it may be necessary to provide specific board type
     information to installboot.  Information about known boards and their
     requirements is loaded from a database at run-time.  Sometimes these
     platforms also require the use of 3rd-party boot loader software, such as
     U-Boot.  To support these platforms, installboot scans known locations
     for these 3rd-party boot loader packages for database overlays that
     contain additional board-specific boot loader installation information in
     a file called installboot.plist.

     The following platforms have this requirement and utilize this database
     overlay feature: evbarm.

   UEFI boot
     On platforms that boot with UEFI, there is a single boot loader in the
     EFI system partition at EFI/boot/boot<ARCH>.efi where ARCH is the UEFI
     name for the architecture, such as ia32 (NetBSD/i386), x64
     (NetBSD/amd64), or aa64 (NetBSD/aarch64).

     installboot is not needed for UEFI boot.  However, it may be used on a
     platform that supports UEFI boot to make a hybrid image that can be
     booted either with UEFI boot or with, e.g., BIOS or U-Boot.  Hybrid
     images may also require a special GPT for BIOS boot; see gpt(8).

   Options
     The options and arguments recognized by installboot are as follows:

     -B s2bno    When hard-coding the blocks of secondary into primary, start
                 from block s2bno instead of trying to determine the block
                 numbers occupied by secondary by examining filesystem.  If
                 this option is supplied, secondary should refer to an actual
                 secondary bootstrap (rather than the file name of the one
                 present in filesystem) so that its size can be determined.

     -b s1bno    Install primary at block number s1bno instead of the default
                 location for the machine and file system type.  [alpha,
                 i386/amd64 (bootxx_fat16 only), pmax, vax]

     -c          Clear (remove) any existing bootstrap instead of installing
                 one.

     -e          Edit the options of an existing bootstrap.  This can be used
                 to change the options in bootxx_<FSTYPE> files, raw disk
                 partitions, and the pxeboot_ia32.bin file.  With -v and
                 without -o, show the current options.  [amd64, i386]

     -f          Forces installboot to ignore some errors.

     -m machine  Use machine as the target machine type.  The default machine
                 is determined from uname(3) and then MACHINE environment
                 variable.  The following machines are currently supported:

                       alpha, amd64, amiga, evbarm, ews4800mips, hp300, hppa,
                       i386, landisk, macppc, news68k, newsmips, next68k,
                       pmax, sparc, sparc64, sun2, sun3, vax, x68k

     -n          Do not write to filesystem.

     -o options  Machine specific installboot options, comma separated.

                 Supported options are (with the machines for they are valid
                 in brackets):

                 alphasum    [alpha] Recalculate and restore the Alpha
                             checksum.  This is the default for NetBSD/alpha.

                 append      [alpha, pmax, vax] Append primary to the end of
                             filesystem, which must be a regular file in this
                             case.

                 board[=type]
                             [evbarm] Specify the board type used to determine
                             the correct boot loader image and installation
                             procedure.  If omitted, installboot will attempt
                             to guess the board type based on system
                             information if run natively.

                 bootconf    [amd64, i386] (Don't) read a boot.cfg file.

                 command=commandline
                             [amiga] Modify the default boot command line.

                 console=name
                             [amd64, i386] Set the console device.  name must
                             be one of: pc, com0, com1, com2, com3, com0kbd,
                             com1kbd, com2kbd, com3kbd, or auto.

                 dtb=dtbfile
                             [evbarm] Attempt to determine the board type from
                             information in the device tree blob file at
                             dtbfile.  If both board and dtb options are
                             specified, board takes precendence.

                 ioaddr=ioaddr
                             [amd64, i386] Set the IO address to be used for
                             the console serial port.  Defaults to the IO
                             address used by the system BIOS for the specified
                             port.

                 keymap=keymap
                             [amd64, i386] Set a boot time keyboard
                             translation map.  Each character in keymap will
                             be replaced by the one following it.  For
                             example, an argument of zyz would swap the
                             lowercase letters <y> and <z>.

                 media=type  [evbarm] Some boards require a different boot
                             loader binary and/or installation procedure
                             depending on what type of media will be used to
                             boot the system.  For such boards, this option is
                             required, and omitting it will display a usage
                             message that lists the valid media types for the
                             board.  For boards that do not require special
                             media handling, this option is not allowed.
                             Common values: sdmmc, emmc, usb.

                 modules     [amd64, i386] (Don't) load kernel modules.

                 password=password
                             [amd64, i386] Set the password which must be
                             entered before the boot menu can be accessed.

                 resetvideo  [amd64, i386] Reset the video before booting.

                 speed=baud  [amd64, i386] Set the baud rate for the serial
                             console.  If a value of zero is specified, then
                             the current baud rate (set by the BIOS) will be
                             used.

                 sunsum      [alpha, pmax, vax] Recalculate and restore the
                             Sun and NetBSD/sparc compatible checksum.  Note:
                             The existing NetBSD/sparc disklabel should use no
                             more than 4 partitions.

                 timeout=seconds
                             [amd64, i386] Set the timeout before the
                             automatic boot begins to the given number of
                             seconds.

     -t fstype   Use fstype as the type of filesystem.  The default operation
                 is to attempt to auto-detect this setting.  The following
                 file system types are currently supported by:

                 ffs         BSD Fast File System.

                 raid        Mirrored RAIDframe File System.

                 raw         "Raw" image.  Note: if a platform needs to hard-
                             code the block offset of the secondary bootstrap,
                             it cannot be searched for on this file system
                             type, and must be provided with -B s2bno.

     -u U-Boot-paths
                 U-Boot-paths is a colon-separated list of search paths to
                 scan for U-Boot packages with installboot installation
                 overlays.  If multiple overlays are found, overlays from
                 paths closer to the front of the list take precedence.  If
                 not specified, environment variable INSTALLBOOT_UBOOT_PATHS
                 is used if defined; otherwise, the default path is
                 /usr/pkg/share/u-boot.  This option is only used on platforms
                 that support using U-Boot.

     -v          Verbose operation.

     filesystem  The path name of the device or file system image that
                 installboot is to operate on.  It is not necessary for
                 filesystem to be a currently mounted file system.

     primary     The path name of the "primary" boot block to install.  The
                 path name must refer to a file in a file system that is
                 currently mounted.

     secondary   The path name of the "secondary" boot block, relative to the
                 root of the file system in the device or image specified by
                 the filesystem argument.  Note that this may refer to a file
                 in a file system that is not mounted.  Most systems require
                 secondary to be in the "root" directory of the file system,
                 so the leading `/' is not necessary on secondary.

                 Only certain combinations of platform (-m machine) and file
                 system type (-t fstype) require that the name of the
                 secondary bootstrap is supplied as secondary, so that
                 information such as the disk block numbers occupied by the
                 secondary bootstrap can be stored in the primary bootstrap.
                 These are:

                       Platform    File systems
                       macppc      ffs, raw
                       news68k     ffs, raw
                       newsmips    ffs, raw
                       sparc       ffs, raid, raw
                       sun2        ffs, raw
                       sun3        ffs, raw

ENVIRONMENT
     INSTALLBOOT_UBOOT_PATHS
                      A colon-separated list of search paths to scan for
                      U-Boot packages with installboot installation overlays.
                      If multiple overlays are found, overlays from paths
                      closer to the front of the list take precedence.  If not
                      specified, the default path is /usr/pkg/share/u-boot.
                      This environment variable is only used on platforms that
                      support using U-Boot.

     MACHINE          Default value for machine, overriding the result from
                      uname(3).

FILES
     Most NetBSD ports will contain variations of the following files:

     /usr/mdec/bootxx_<FSTYPE>         Primary bootstrap for file system type
                                       FSTYPE.  Installed into the bootstrap
                                       area of the file system by installboot.

     /usr/mdec/bootxx_fat16            Primary bootstrap for MS-DOS FAT16 file
                                       systems.  This differs from
                                       bootxx_msdos in that it doesn't require
                                       the filesystem to have been initialised
                                       with any "reserved sectors".  It also
                                       uses the information in the "Boot
                                       Parameter Block" to get the media and
                                       filesystem properties.  The "hidden
                                       sectors" field of the BPB must be the
                                       offset of the partition in the disk.
                                       This can be set using the -b s1bno
                                       option.

     /usr/mdec/bootxx_ffsv1            Primary bootstrap for FFSv1 file
                                       systems (the "traditional" file system
                                       prior to NetBSD 6.0).  Use dumpfs(8) to
                                       confirm the file system format is
                                       FFSv1.

     /usr/mdec/bootxx_ffsv2            Primary bootstrap for FFSv2 file
                                       systems (the default file system for
                                       some platforms as of NetBSD 6.0).  Use
                                       dumpfs(8) to confirm the file system
                                       format is FFSv2.

     /usr/mdec/bootxx_lfsv1            Primary bootstrap for LFSv1 file
                                       systems.

     /usr/mdec/bootxx_lfsv2            Primary bootstrap for LFSv2 file
                                       systems (the default LFS version).

     /usr/mdec/bootxx_msdos            Primary bootstrap for MS-DOS FAT file
                                       systems.

     /usr/mdec/bootxx_ustarfs          Primary bootstrap for TARFS boot
                                       images.  This is used by various
                                       install media.

     /usr/mdec/boot.<MACHINE>          Secondary bootstrap for machine type
                                       MACHINE.  This should be installed into
                                       the file system before installboot is
                                       run.

     /usr/mdec/boot                    Synonym for /usr/mdec/boot.<MACHINE>

     /boot.<MACHINE>                   Installed copy of secondary bootstrap
                                       for machine type MACHINE.

     /boot                             Installed copy of secondary bootstrap.
                                       Searched for by the primary bootstrap
                                       if /boot.<MACHINE> is not found.

   NetBSD/evbarm files
     The NetBSD/evbarm platform covers a wide variety of board types, many of
     which use U-Boot.  Running installboot with no options will display a
     list of known boards.  Using the verbose option will also display
     information about which U-Boot package needs to be installed to support
     that board, and if the required U-Boot package is installed, the path at
     which it is located.

     /usr/pkg/share/u-boot             The default location scanned for U-Boot
                                       packages with installation overlays.

     /usr/share/installboot/evbarm/boards.plist
                                       Base board database, used to provide
                                       information about which U-Boot package
                                       is required for a given board.

   NetBSD/evbmips files
     The NetBSD/evbmips bootstrap files currently only apply to the SBMIPS
     kernels for the SiByte/Broadcom BCM1250 and BCM1480 CPUs.

     /usr/mdec/sbmips/boot             NetBSD/evbmips secondary bootstrap for
                                       FFSv1, FFSv2, LFSv1, and LFSv2.

     /usr/mdec/sbmips/bootxx_cd9660    SBMIPS primary bootstrap for ISO 9660
                                       file system.

     /usr/mdec/sbmips/bootxx_ffs       SBMIPS primary bootstrap for FFSv1 and
                                       FFSv2 file system.

     /usr/mdec/sbmips/bootxx_lfs       SBMIPS primary bootstrap for LFSv1 and
                                       LFSv2 file system.

     /usr/mdec/sbmips/netboot          SBMIPS primary bootstrap for network
                                       root.

                                       Note that installboot does not
                                       currently support evbmips directly.

   NetBSD/hppa files
     /usr/mdec/xxboot                  NetBSD/hppa primary bootstrap for
                                       FFSv1, FFSv2, LFSv1, and LFSv2.

     /usr/mdec/cdboot                  NetBSD/hppa primary bootstrap for ISO
                                       9660 file system.

     /usr/mdec/sdboot                  Synonym for /usr/mdec/xxboot

   NetBSD/macppc files
     /usr/mdec/bootxx                  NetBSD/macppc primary bootstrap.

     /usr/mdec/ofwboot                 NetBSD/macppc secondary bootstrap.

     /ofwboot                          Installed copy of NetBSD/macppc
                                       secondary bootstrap.

   NetBSD/next68k files
     /usr/mdec/boot                    NetBSD/next68k bootstrap.

   NetBSD/sparc64 files
     /usr/mdec/bootblk                 NetBSD/sparc64 primary bootstrap.

     /usr/mdec/ofwboot                 NetBSD/sparc64 secondary bootstrap.

     /ofwboot                          Installed copy of NetBSD/sparc64
                                       secondary bootstrap.

EXAMPLES
   Common
     Verbosely install the Berkeley Fast File System primary bootstrap on to
     disk `sd0':

           installboot -v /dev/rsd0c /usr/mdec/bootxx_ffs

     Note: the "whole disk" partition (`c' on some ports, `d' on others) is
     used here, since the `a' partition probably is already opened (mounted as
     /), so installboot would not be able to access it.

     Remove the primary bootstrap from disk `sd1':

           installboot -c /dev/rsd1c

   NetBSD/amiga
     Modify the command line to change the default from `netbsd -ASn2' to
     `netbsd -S':

           installboot -m amiga -o command="netbsd -S" /dev/rsd0a \
               /usr/mdec/bootxx_ffsv1

   NetBSD/evbarm
     Install the U-Boot boot loader for a Pinebook into an image that will be
     written to an SDMMC card:

           installboot -m evbarm -o board=pine64,pinebook arm64.img

     Install/update the U-Boot boot loader for the current running system on
     the eMMC device `ld0' and display verbose information about the
     procedure:

           installboot -v /dev/rld0c

     Install a specific U-Boot package for a BeagleBone Black into an image
     that will be written to an SDMMC card:

           installboot -m evbarm -o board=ti,am335x-bone-black armv7.img \
               /path/to/experimental/u-boot/package

   NetBSD/ews4800mips
     Install the System V Boot File System primary bootstrap on to disk `sd0',
     with the secondary bootstrap /boot already present in the SysVBFS
     partition on the disk:

           installboot /dev/rsd0p /usr/mdec/bootxx_bfs

                 Note: On NetBSD/ews4800mips the `p' partition is the "whole
                 disk" (i.e., raw) partition.

   NetBSD/i386 and NetBSD/amd64
     Install new boot blocks on an existing FFSv2 mounted root file system on
     `wd0', setting the timeout to five seconds, after installing an MBR
     bootcode and copying a new secondary bootstrap:

           fdisk -c /usr/mdec/mbr /dev/rwd0d

                 Note: See fdisk(8) and x86/mbr(8) for more details.

           cp /usr/mdec/boot /boot
           installboot -v -o timeout=5 /dev/rwd0a /usr/mdec/bootxx_ffsv2

                 Note: Pre NetBSD 6.0 systems used FFSv1 file systems on these
                 platforms; double check with dumpfs(8) to be sure to use the
                 correct secondary bootstrap.

     Create a bootable CD-ROM with an ISO 9660 file system for an i386 system
     with a serial console:

           mkdir cdrom
           cp sys/arch/i386/compile/mykernel/netbsd cdrom/netbsd
           cp /usr/mdec/boot cdrom/boot
           cp /usr/mdec/bootxx_cd9660 bootxx
           installboot -o console=com0,speed=19200 -m i386 -e bootxx
           makefs -t cd9660 -o 'bootimage=i386;bootxx,no-emul-boot' boot.iso \
               cdrom

     Create a bootable floppy disk with an FFSv1 file system for a small
     custom kernel (note: bigger kernels needing multiple disks are handled
     with the ustarfs file system):

           newfs -s 1440k /dev/rfd0a

                 Note: Ignore the warnings that newfs(8) displays; it can not
                 write a disklabel, which is not a problem for a floppy disk.

           mount /dev/fd0a /mnt
           cp /usr/mdec/boot /mnt/boot
           gzip -9 < sys/arch/i386/compile/mykernel/netbsd > /mnt/netbsd.gz
           umount /mnt
           installboot -v /dev/rfd0a /usr/mdec/bootxx_ffsv1

     Create a bootable FAT file system on `wd1a', which should have the same
     offset and size as a FAT primary partition in the Master Boot Record
     (MBR):

           newfs_msdos -r 16 /dev/rwd1a

                 Notes: The -r 16 is to reserve space for the primary
                 bootstrap.  newfs_msdos(8) will display an "MBR type" such as
                 `1', `4', or `6'; the MBR partition type of the appropriate
                 primary partition should be changed to this value.

           mount -t msdos /dev/wd1a /mnt
           cp /usr/mdec/boot /mnt/boot
           cp path/to/kernel /mnt/netbsd
           umount /mnt
           installboot -t raw /dev/rwd1a /usr/mdec/bootxx_msdos

     Make the existing FAT16 filesystem on `sd0e' bootable.  This can be used
     to make USB memory bootable provided it has 512 byte sectors and that the
     manufacturer correctly initialised the file system.

           mount -t msdos /dev/sd0e /mnt
           cp /usr/mdec/boot /mnt/boot
           cp path/to/kernel /mnt/netbsd
           umount /mnt
           installboot /dev/rsd0e /usr/mdec/bootxx_fat16

     It may also be necessary to use fdisk(8) to make the device itself
     bootable.

     Switch the existing installed bootstrap to use a serial console without
     reinstalling or altering other options such as timeout.

           installboot -e -o console=com0 /dev/rwd0a

   NetBSD/macppc
     Note the installboot utility is only required for macppc machines with
     OpenFirmware version 2 to boot.  OpenFirmware 3 cannot load bootblocks
     specified in the Apple partition map.

     Install the Berkeley Fast File System primary bootstrap on to disk `wd0':

           installboot /dev/rwd0c /usr/mdec/bootxx /ofwboot

     The secondary NetBSD/macppc bootstrap is located in /usr/mdec/ofwboot.

     The primary bootstrap requires the raw ofwboot for the secondary
     bootstrap, not ofwboot.xcf, which is used for the OpenFirmware to load
     kernels.

   NetBSD/next68k
     Install the bootstrap on to disk `sd0':

           installboot /dev/rsd0c /usr/mdec/boot

   NetBSD/pmax
     Install the Berkeley Fast File System primary bootstrap on to disk `sd0':

           installboot /dev/rsd0c /usr/mdec/bootxx_ffs

     NetBSD/pmax requires that this file system starts at block 0 of the disk.

     Install the ISO 9660 primary bootstrap in the file /tmp/cd-image:

           installboot -m pmax /tmp/cd-image /usr/mdec/bootxx_cd9660

     Make an ISO 9660 filesystem in the file /tmp/cd-image and install the ISO
     9660 primary bootstrap in the filesystem, where the source directory for
     the ISO 9660 filesystem contains a kernel, the primary bootstrap
     bootxx_cd9660 and the secondary bootstrap boot.pmax:

           mkisofs -o /tmp/cd-image -a -l -v iso-source-dir
           ...
           48 51 iso-source-dir/bootxx_cd9660
           ...
           installboot -b $((48 * 4)) /tmp/cd-image /usr/mdec/bootxx_cd9660

   NetBSD/sparc
     Install the Berkeley Fast File System primary bootstrap on to disk `sd0',
     with the secondary bootstrap /boot already present:

           installboot /dev/rsd0c /usr/mdec/bootxx /boot

   NetBSD/sparc64
     Install the primary bootstrap on to disk `sd0':

           installboot /dev/rsd0c /usr/mdec/bootblk

     The secondary NetBSD/sparc64 bootstrap is located in /usr/mdec/ofwboot.

   NetBSD/sun2 and NetBSD/sun3
     Install the Berkeley Fast File System primary bootstrap on to disk `sd0',
     with the secondary bootstrap /boot already present:

           installboot /dev/rsd0c /usr/mdec/bootxx /boot

DIAGNOSTIC
     The installboot utility exits 0 on success, and >0 if an error occurs.

SEE ALSO
     uname(3), boot(8), disklabel(8), dumpfs(8), fdisk(8), gpt(8), x86/mbr(8),
     x86/pxeboot(8)

HISTORY
     This implementation of installboot appeared in NetBSD 1.6.

AUTHORS
     The machine independent portion of this implementation of installboot was
     written by Luke Mewburn.  The following people contributed to the various
     machine dependent back-ends: Simon Burge (pmax), Chris Demetriou (alpha),
     Matthew Fredette (sun2, sun3), Matthew Green (sparc64), Ross Harvey
     (alpha), Michael Hitch (amiga), Paul Kranenburg (sparc), David Laight
     (i386), Christian Limpach (next68k), Luke Mewburn (macppc), Matt Thomas
     (vax), Izumi Tsutsui (news68k, newsmips), and UCHIYAMA Yasushi
     (ews4800mips).

BUGS
     There are not currently primary bootstraps to support all file systems
     types which are capable of being the root file system.

     If a disk has been converted from FFS to RAID without the contents of the
     disk erased, then the original FFS installation may be auto-detected
     instead of the RAID installation.  In this case, the -t raid option must
     be provided.

   NetBSD/alpha
     The NetBSD/alpha primary bootstrap program can only load the secondary
     bootstrap program from file systems starting at the beginning (block 0)
     of disks.  Similarly, the secondary bootstrap program can only load
     kernels from file systems starting at the beginning of disks.

     The size of primary bootstrap programs is restricted to 7.5KB, even
     though some file systems (e.g., ISO 9660) are able to accommodate larger
     ones.

   NetBSD/hp300
     The disk must have a boot partition large enough to hold the bootstrap
     code.  Currently the primary bootstrap must be a LIF format file.

   NetBSD/i386 and NetBSD/amd64
     The bootstrap must be installed in the NetBSD partition that starts at
     the beginning of the MBR partition.  If that is a valid filesystem and
     contains the /boot program then it will be used as the root filesystem,
     otherwise the `a' partition will be booted.

     The size of primary bootstrap programs is restricted to 8KB, even though
     some file systems (e.g., ISO 9660) are able to accommodate larger ones.

   NetBSD/macppc
     Due to restrictions in installboot and the secondary bootstrap
     implementation, file systems where kernels exist must start at the
     beginning of disks.

     Currently, installboot doesn't recognize an existing Apple partition map
     on the disk and always writes a faked map to make disks bootable.

     The NetBSD/macppc bootstrap program can't load kernels from FFSv2
     partitions.

   NetBSD/next68k
     The size of bootstrap programs is restricted to the free space before the
     file system at the beginning of the disk minus 8KB.

   NetBSD/pmax
     The NetBSD/pmax secondary bootstrap program can only load kernels from
     file systems starting at the beginning of disks.

     The size of primary bootstrap programs is restricted to 7.5KB, even
     though some file systems (e.g., ISO 9660) are able to accommodate larger
     ones.

   NetBSD/sun2 and NetBSD/sun3
     The NetBSD/sun2 and NetBSD/sun3 secondary bootstrap program can only load
     kernels from file systems starting at the beginning of disks.

   NetBSD/vax
     The NetBSD/vax secondary bootstrap program can only load kernels from
     file systems starting at the beginning of disks.

     The size of primary bootstrap programs is restricted to 7.5KB, even
     though some file systems (e.g., ISO 9660) are able to accommodate larger
     ones.

NetBSD 10.99                     May 16, 2023                     NetBSD 10.99