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SYSTAT(1)                   General Commands Manual                  SYSTAT(1)

NAME
     systat - display system statistics in a full-screen view

SYNOPSIS
     systat [-bnz] [-M core] [-N system] [-t turns] [-w wait] [display] [wait]

DESCRIPTION
     systat displays various system statistics in a screen oriented fashion
     using the curses(3) screen display library.

     While systat is running the screen is usually divided into two windows
     (an exception is the vmstat display which uses the entire screen).  The
     upper window depicts the current system load average.  The information
     displayed in the lower window may vary, depending on user commands.  The
     last line on the screen is reserved for user input and error messages.

     By default systat displays the processes getting the largest percentage
     of the processor in the lower window.  Other displays show more detailed
     process information, swap space usage, disk usage statistics (a la
     df(1)), disk I/O statistics (a la iostat(8)), virtual memory statistics
     (a la vmstat(1)), network mbuf utilization, network interface traffic,
     and network connections (a la netstat(1)).

     Input is interpreted at two different levels.  A global command
     interpreter processes all keyboard input.  If this command interpreter
     fails to recognize a command, the input line is passed to a per-display
     command interpreter.  This allows each display to have certain display-
     specific commands.

     Command line options:

     -b          Show the chosen display once and exit.

     -M core     Extract values associated with the name list from core
                 instead of the default /dev/mem.

     -N system   Extract the name list from system instead of the default
                 /netbsd.

     -n          Do not resolve IP addresses into string hostnames (FQDNs).
                 It has the same effect as numbers subcommand in netstat.

     -t turns    How many refresh cycles to show each screen in `all' display
                 mode.  The default is 2.

     -w wait     Set the screen refresh interval to wait seconds.  Floating
                 point numbers are accepted.  The default is 1 second.

     -z          Display 0 instead of space when there is no data.

     display     The display argument expects to be one of: all, bufcache, df,
                 ifstat, inet.icmp, inet.ip, inet.tcp, inet.tcpsyn, inet6.ip6,
                 iostat, mbufs, netstat, pigs, ps, swap, syscall or vmstat.
                 These displays can also be requested interactively and are
                 described in full detail below.

     wait        The same as -w wait.  This form is provided for backwards
                 compatibility.

     Certain characters cause immediate action by systat.  These are

     ^L          Refresh the screen.

     ^G          Print the name of the current display being shown in the
                 lower window and the refresh interval.

     ^Z          Suspend systat.

     ?, h        Print the names of the available displays on the command
                 line.

     :           Move the cursor to the command line and interpret the input
                 line typed as a command.  While entering a command the
                 current character erase, word erase, and line kill characters
                 may be used.

     The following commands are interpreted by the global command interpreter.

     help [key]  Print the names of the available displays on the command
                 line.  It will print long names as `inet.*'.  To print items
                 under inet, give inet as key.

     load        Print the load average over the past 1, 5, and 15 minutes on
                 the command line.

     quit        Exit systat.  (This may be abbreviated to q).

     [start] [number]
                 Start (continue) refreshing the screen.  If a second,
                 numeric, argument is provided it is interpreted as a refresh
                 interval in seconds.  Supplying only a number will set the
                 refresh interval to this value.

     stop        Stop refreshing the screen.

     The available displays are:

     all         Cycle through all displays automatically.  At each display,
                 wait some refresh-turns, then switch to the next display.
                 Duration of one refresh-turn is adjustable with the -w
                 option, number of refresh-turns can be changed with the -t
                 option.

     bufcache    Display, in the lower window, statistics about the file
                 system buffers.  Statistics for each file system that has
                 active buffers include the number of buffers for that file
                 system, the number of active kilobytes in those buffers and
                 the total size of the buffers for that file system.

     df          Lists disk usage statistics for all filesystems, including
                 the available free space as well as a bar graph indicating
                 the used capacity.

                 The following commands are specific to the df display:

                 all         Displays information for all filesystems,
                             including kernfs, procfs and null-mounts.

                 some        Suppress information about procfs, kernfs and
                             null-mounts (default).

     ifstat      Display the network traffic going through active interfaces
                 on the system.  Idle interfaces will not be displayed until
                 they receive some traffic.

                 For each interface being displayed, the current, peak and
                 total statistics are displayed for incoming and outgoing
                 traffic.  By default, the ifstat display will automatically
                 scale the units being used so that they are in a human-
                 readable format.  The scaling units used for the current and
                 peak traffic columns can be altered by the scale command.

                 scale [units]
                             Modify the scale used to display the current and
                             peak traffic over all interfaces.  The following
                             units are recognised: kbit, kbyte, mbit, mbyte,
                             gbit, gbyte and auto.

                 pps         Show statistics in packets per second instead of
                             bytes or bits per second.  A subsequent call of
                             pps switches this mode off.

                 match [pattern ...]
                             Display only interfaces that match patterns
                             provided as an argument.  Patterns should be in
                             shell glob(7) syntax separated by whitespaces or
                             commas.  If this command is called without
                             arguments then all interfaces are displayed.  For
                             example:

                                   match re0, bge1

                             This will display re0 and bge1 interfaces.

                                   match re* bge* lo0

                             This will display all re interfaces, all bge
                             interfaces and the loopback interface.

     inet.icmp   Display ICMP statistics.

     inet.ip     Display IPv4 and UDP statistics.

     inet.tcp    Display TCP statistics.

     inet.tcpsyn
                 Display statistics about the TCP syncache.

     inet6.ip6   Display IPv6 statistics.

     iostat      Display, in the lower window, statistics about processor use
                 and disk throughput.  Statistics on processor use appear as
                 bar graphs of the amount of time executing in user mode, in
                 user mode running low priority ("nice") processes, in system
                 mode, and idle.  Statistics on disk throughput show, for each
                 drive, kilobytes of data transferred, number of disk
                 transactions performed, and time spent in disk accesses in
                 milliseconds.  This information may be displayed as bar
                 graphs or as rows of numbers which scroll downward.  Bar
                 graphs are shown by default;

                 The following commands are specific to the iostat display;
                 the minimum unambiguous prefix may be supplied.

                 numbers     Show the disk I/O statistics in numeric form.
                             Values are displayed in numeric columns which
                             scroll downward.
                 bars        Show the disk I/O statistics in bar graph form
                             (default).
                 secs        Toggle the display of time in disk activity (the
                             default is to not display time).
                 all         Show the read and write statistics combined
                             (default).
                 rw          Show the read and write statistics separately.

     mbufs       Display, in the lower window, the number of mbufs allocated
                 for particular uses, i.e. data, socket structures, etc.

     netstat     Display, in the lower window, network connections.  By
                 default, network servers awaiting requests are not displayed.
                 Each address is displayed in the format host.port, with each
                 shown symbolically, when possible.  It is possible to have
                 addresses displayed numerically, limit the display to a set
                 of ports, hosts, and/or protocols (the minimum unambiguous
                 prefix may be supplied):

                 all         Toggle the displaying of server processes
                             awaiting requests (this is the equivalent of the
                             -a flag to netstat(1)).

                 display [items]
                             Display information about the connections
                             associated with the specified hosts or ports.
                             Hosts and ports may be specified by name
                             (`vangogh, ftp'), or numerically.  Host addresses
                             use the Internet dot notation (`128.32.0.9').
                             Multiple items may be specified with a single
                             command by separating them with spaces.

                 ignore [items]
                             Do not display information about connections
                             associated with the specified hosts or ports.  As
                             for display, the items may be names or numbers.

                 names       Display network addresses symbolically.

                 numbers     Display network addresses numerically.

                 protocol    Display only network connections using the
                             indicated protocol (currently either tcp or udp).

                 show [hosts | ports]
                             Show, on the command line, the currently selected
                             protocols, hosts, and ports.  Hosts and ports
                             which are being ignored are prefixed with a `!'.
                             If ports or hosts is supplied as an argument to
                             show, then only the requested information will be
                             displayed.

                 reset       Reset the port, host, and protocol filters, show
                             everything.

     pigs        Display, in the lower window, those processes which are
                 getting the largest portion of the processor (the default
                 display).  When less than 100% of the processor is scheduled
                 to user processes, the remaining time is accounted to the
                 idle process.

     ps          Display, in the lower window, the same information provided
                 by the command ps(1) with the flags -aux.

                 The following command is specific to the ps display; the
                 minimum unambiguous prefix may be supplied.

                 user name   Limit the list of processes displayed to those
                             owned by user name.  If name is specified as `+',
                             processes owned by any user are displayed
                             (default).

     swap        Show information about swap space usage on all the swap areas
                 configured with swapctl(8).  The first column is the device
                 name of the partition.  The next column is the total space
                 available in the partition.  The "Used" column indicates the
                 total blocks used so far; the graph shows the percentage of
                 space in use on each partition.  If there are more than one
                 swap partition in use, a total line is also shown.  Areas
                 known to the kernel, but not in use are shown as not
                 available.

     syscall     Show per system call statistics.  The display consists of
                 several columns of system call name and counts.

                 In order to stop entries moving around the screen too much,
                 an infinite response filter is applied to the values before
                 they are sorted.

                 The following commands are specific to the syscall display:

                 sort name     Sort display by the syscall name (default).
                 sort count    Sort display by the count of calls or time
                               spent in the calls.
                 sort syscall  Sort display be syscall number.
                 show count    Show the number of times the system call has be
                               called (default).
                 show time     Show the average amount of time (in arbitrary
                               units) spent in a call of the syscall.

     vmstat      Take over the entire display and show a (rather crowded)
                 compendium of statistics related to virtual memory usage,
                 process scheduling, device interrupts, system name
                 translation caching, disk I/O etc.

                 The upper left quadrant of the screen shows the number of
                 users logged in and the load average over the last one, five,
                 and fifteen minute intervals.  Below this are statistics on
                 memory utilization.  The first row of the table reports
                 memory usage only among active processes, that is processes
                 that have run in the previous twenty seconds.  The second row
                 reports on memory usage of all processes.  The first column
                 reports on the number of physical pages claimed by processes.
                 The second column reports the number of physical pages that
                 are devoted to read only text pages.  The third and fourth
                 columns report the same two figures for virtual pages, that
                 is the number of pages that would be needed if all processes
                 had all of their pages.  Finally the last column shows the
                 number of physical pages on the free list.

                 Below the memory display is a list of the average number of
                 processes (over the last refresh interval) that are runnable
                 (`r'), in page wait (`p'), in disk wait other than paging
                 (`d'), sleeping (`s').  Below the queue length listing is a
                 numerical listing and a bar graph showing the amount of
                 system (shown as `='), user (shown as `>'), nice (shown as
                 `-'), and idle time (shown as ` ').

                 To the right of the process statistics is a column that lists
                 the average number of context switches (`Csw'), traps
                 (`Traps'; includes page faults), system calls (`SysCa'),
                 interrupts (`Intr'), network software interrupts (`Soft'),
                 page faults (`Fault').

                 Below this are statistics on memory utilization.  The first
                 row of the table reports memory usage only among active
                 processes, that is processes that have run in the previous
                 twenty seconds.  The second row reports on memory usage of
                 all processes.  The first column reports on the number of
                 physical pages claimed by processes.  The second column
                 reports the number of pages of memory and swap.  The third
                 column gives the number of pages of free memory and swap.

                 Below the memory display are statistics on name translations.
                 It lists the number of names translated in the previous
                 interval, the number and percentage of the translations that
                 were handled by the system wide name translation cache, and
                 the number and percentage of the translations that were
                 handled by the per process name translation cache.

                 At the bottom left is the disk usage display.  It reports the
                 number of seeks, transfers, number of kilobyte blocks
                 transferred per second averaged over the refresh period of
                 the display (by default, five seconds), and the time spent in
                 disk accesses.  If there are more than five disks, and the
                 terminal window has more than 24 lines, the disks display
                 will be flipped so that more of the disk statistics are
                 visible.

                 Under the date in the upper right hand quadrant are
                 statistics on paging and swapping activity.  The first two
                 columns report the average number of pages brought in and out
                 per second over the last refresh interval due to page faults
                 and the paging daemon.  The third and fourth columns report
                 the average number of pages brought in and out per second
                 over the last refresh interval due to swap requests initiated
                 by the scheduler.  The first row of the display shows the
                 average number of disk transfers per second over the last
                 refresh interval; the second row of the display shows the
                 average number of pages transferred per second over the last
                 refresh interval.

                 Below the paging statistics is another columns of paging
                 data.  From top to bottom, these represent:

                 `forks'     number of fork() calls
                 `fkppw'     number of fork() calls where parent waits
                 `fksvm'     number of fork() calls where vmspace is shared
                 `pwait'     number of times fault had to wait on a page
                 `relck'     number of times uvmfault_relock() is called
                 `rlkok'     number of times uvmfault_relock() is a success
                 `noram'     number of times fault was out of RAM
                 `ndcpy'     number of times fault clears ``needs copy''
                 `fltcp'     number of times fault promotes with copy (2b)
                 `zfod'      number of times fault promotes with zerofill (2b)
                 `cow'       number of times faulted for anonymous for Copy-
                             On-Write (case 1b)
                 `fmin'      min number of free pages
                 `ftarg'     target number of free pages
                 `itarg'     target number of inactive pages
                 `flnan'     number of times fault was out of anonymous pages
                 `pdfre'     number of pages daemon freed since boot
                 `pdscn'     number of pages daemon scanned since boot

                 Note that the `%zfod' percentage is usually less than 100%,
                 however it may exceed 100% if a large number of requests are
                 actually used long after they were set up during a period
                 when no new pages are being set up.  Thus this figure is most
                 interesting when observed over a long time period, such as
                 from boot time (see below on getting such a display).

                 To the left of the column of paging statistics is a breakdown
                 of the interrupts being handled by the system.  At the top of
                 the list is the total interrupts per second over the time
                 interval.  The rest of the column breaks down the total on a
                 device by device basis.  Only devices that have interrupted
                 at least once since boot time are shown.

     Commands to switch between displays may be abbreviated to the minimum
     unambiguous prefix; for example, io for iostat.  Certain information may
     be discarded when the screen size is insufficient for display.  For
     example, on a machine with 10 drives the iostat bar graph displays only 3
     drives on a 24 line terminal.  When a bar graph would overflow the
     allotted screen space it is truncated and the actual value is printed
     ``over top'' of the bar.

     The following commands are common to each display which shows information
     about disk drives.  These commands are used to select a set of drives to
     report on, should your system have more drives configured than can
     normally be displayed on the screen.  Drives may be specified as drive
     names or as patterns specified in the notation described by fnmatch(3).

     display [drives]
                   Display information about the drives indicated.  Multiple
                   drives may be specified, separated by spaces.
     ignore [drives]
                   Do not display information about the drives indicated.
                   Multiple drives may be specified, separated by spaces.
     drives [drives]
                   With no arguments, display a list of available drives.
                   With arguments, replace the list of currently displayed
                   drives with the ones specified.

     The following commands are specific to the inet.*, inet6.*, syscall and
     vmstat displays; the minimum unambiguous prefix may be supplied.

     boot          Display cumulative statistics since the system was booted.
     run           Display statistics as a running total from the point this
                   command is given.
     time          Display statistics averaged over the refresh interval (the
                   default).
     zero          Reset running statistics to zero.

FILES
     /netbsd        For the namelist.
     /dev/kmem      For information in main memory.
     /etc/hosts     For host names.
     /etc/networks  For network names.
     /etc/services  For port names.

NOTES
     Most of the information shown by systat vmstat is obtained from the
     `vm.vmmeter' sysctl(7) node.

SEE ALSO
     df(1), netstat(1), ps(1), top(1), vmstat(1), iostat(8), pstat(8)

HISTORY
     The systat program appeared in 4.3BSD.

BUGS
     Consumes CPU resources and thus may skew statistics.

     Certain displays presume a minimum of 80 characters per line.

     The vmstat display looks out of place because it is (it was added in as a
     separate display from what used to be a different program).

     The -b option requires a real terminal and could be converted to simply
     output to standard output.

NetBSD 10.99                    March 29, 2023                    NetBSD 10.99