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SYSTAT(1) General Commands Manual SYSTAT(1)
NAME
systat - display system statistics in a full-screen view
SYNOPSIS
systat [-bnz] [-M core] [-N system] [-t turns] [-w wait] [display] [wait]
DESCRIPTION
systat displays various system statistics in a screen oriented fashion
using the curses(3) screen display library.
While systat is running the screen is usually divided into two windows
(an exception is the vmstat display which uses the entire screen). The
upper window depicts the current system load average. The information
displayed in the lower window may vary, depending on user commands. The
last line on the screen is reserved for user input and error messages.
By default systat displays the processes getting the largest percentage
of the processor in the lower window. Other displays show more detailed
process information, swap space usage, disk usage statistics (a la
df(1)), disk I/O statistics (a la iostat(8)), virtual memory statistics
(a la vmstat(1)), network mbuf utilization, network interface traffic,
and network connections (a la netstat(1)).
Input is interpreted at two different levels. A global command
interpreter processes all keyboard input. If this command interpreter
fails to recognize a command, the input line is passed to a per-display
command interpreter. This allows each display to have certain display-
specific commands.
Command line options:
-b Show the chosen display once and exit.
-M core Extract values associated with the name list from core
instead of the default /dev/mem.
-N system Extract the name list from system instead of the default
/netbsd.
-n Do not resolve IP addresses into string hostnames (FQDNs).
It has the same effect as numbers subcommand in netstat.
-t turns How many refresh cycles to show each screen in `all' display
mode. The default is 2.
-w wait Set the screen refresh interval to wait seconds. Floating
point numbers are accepted. The default is 1 second.
-z Display 0 instead of space when there is no data.
display The display argument expects to be one of: all, bufcache, df,
ifstat, inet.icmp, inet.ip, inet.tcp, inet.tcpsyn, inet6.ip6,
iostat, mbufs, netstat, pigs, ps, swap, syscall or vmstat.
These displays can also be requested interactively and are
described in full detail below.
wait The same as -w wait. This form is provided for backwards
compatibility.
Certain characters cause immediate action by systat. These are
^L Refresh the screen.
^G Print the name of the current display being shown in the
lower window and the refresh interval.
^Z Suspend systat.
?, h Print the names of the available displays on the command
line.
: Move the cursor to the command line and interpret the input
line typed as a command. While entering a command the
current character erase, word erase, and line kill characters
may be used.
The following commands are interpreted by the global command interpreter.
help [key] Print the names of the available displays on the command
line. It will print long names as `inet.*'. To print items
under inet, give inet as key.
load Print the load average over the past 1, 5, and 15 minutes on
the command line.
quit Exit systat. (This may be abbreviated to q).
[start] [number]
Start (continue) refreshing the screen. If a second,
numeric, argument is provided it is interpreted as a refresh
interval in seconds. Supplying only a number will set the
refresh interval to this value.
stop Stop refreshing the screen.
The available displays are:
all Cycle through all displays automatically. At each display,
wait some refresh-turns, then switch to the next display.
Duration of one refresh-turn is adjustable with the -w
option, number of refresh-turns can be changed with the -t
option.
bufcache Display, in the lower window, statistics about the file
system buffers. Statistics for each file system that has
active buffers include the number of buffers for that file
system, the number of active kilobytes in those buffers and
the total size of the buffers for that file system.
df Lists disk usage statistics for all filesystems, including
the available free space as well as a bar graph indicating
the used capacity.
The following commands are specific to the df display:
all Displays information for all filesystems,
including kernfs, procfs and null-mounts.
some Suppress information about procfs, kernfs and
null-mounts (default).
ifstat Display the network traffic going through active interfaces
on the system. Idle interfaces will not be displayed until
they receive some traffic.
For each interface being displayed, the current, peak and
total statistics are displayed for incoming and outgoing
traffic. By default, the ifstat display will automatically
scale the units being used so that they are in a human-
readable format. The scaling units used for the current and
peak traffic columns can be altered by the scale command.
scale [units]
Modify the scale used to display the current and
peak traffic over all interfaces. The following
units are recognised: kbit, kbyte, mbit, mbyte,
gbit, gbyte and auto.
pps Show statistics in packets per second instead of
bytes or bits per second. A subsequent call of
pps switches this mode off.
match [pattern ...]
Display only interfaces that match patterns
provided as an argument. Patterns should be in
shell glob(7) syntax separated by whitespaces or
commas. If this command is called without
arguments then all interfaces are displayed. For
example:
match re0, bge1
This will display re0 and bge1 interfaces.
match re* bge* lo0
This will display all re interfaces, all bge
interfaces and the loopback interface.
inet.icmp Display ICMP statistics.
inet.ip Display IPv4 and UDP statistics.
inet.tcp Display TCP statistics.
inet.tcpsyn
Display statistics about the TCP syncache.
inet6.ip6 Display IPv6 statistics.
iostat Display, in the lower window, statistics about processor use
and disk throughput. Statistics on processor use appear as
bar graphs of the amount of time executing in user mode, in
user mode running low priority ("nice") processes, in system
mode, and idle. Statistics on disk throughput show, for each
drive, kilobytes of data transferred, number of disk
transactions performed, and time spent in disk accesses in
milliseconds. This information may be displayed as bar
graphs or as rows of numbers which scroll downward. Bar
graphs are shown by default;
The following commands are specific to the iostat display;
the minimum unambiguous prefix may be supplied.
numbers Show the disk I/O statistics in numeric form.
Values are displayed in numeric columns which
scroll downward.
bars Show the disk I/O statistics in bar graph form
(default).
secs Toggle the display of time in disk activity (the
default is to not display time).
all Show the read and write statistics combined
(default).
rw Show the read and write statistics separately.
mbufs Display, in the lower window, the number of mbufs allocated
for particular uses, i.e. data, socket structures, etc.
netstat Display, in the lower window, network connections. By
default, network servers awaiting requests are not displayed.
Each address is displayed in the format host.port, with each
shown symbolically, when possible. It is possible to have
addresses displayed numerically, limit the display to a set
of ports, hosts, and/or protocols (the minimum unambiguous
prefix may be supplied):
all Toggle the displaying of server processes
awaiting requests (this is the equivalent of the
-a flag to netstat(1)).
display [items]
Display information about the connections
associated with the specified hosts or ports.
Hosts and ports may be specified by name
(`vangogh, ftp'), or numerically. Host addresses
use the Internet dot notation (`128.32.0.9').
Multiple items may be specified with a single
command by separating them with spaces.
ignore [items]
Do not display information about connections
associated with the specified hosts or ports. As
for display, the items may be names or numbers.
names Display network addresses symbolically.
numbers Display network addresses numerically.
protocol Display only network connections using the
indicated protocol (currently either tcp or udp).
show [hosts | ports]
Show, on the command line, the currently selected
protocols, hosts, and ports. Hosts and ports
which are being ignored are prefixed with a `!'.
If ports or hosts is supplied as an argument to
show, then only the requested information will be
displayed.
reset Reset the port, host, and protocol filters, show
everything.
pigs Display, in the lower window, those processes which are
getting the largest portion of the processor (the default
display). When less than 100% of the processor is scheduled
to user processes, the remaining time is accounted to the
idle process.
ps Display, in the lower window, the same information provided
by the command ps(1) with the flags -aux.
The following command is specific to the ps display; the
minimum unambiguous prefix may be supplied.
user name Limit the list of processes displayed to those
owned by user name. If name is specified as `+',
processes owned by any user are displayed
(default).
swap Show information about swap space usage on all the swap areas
configured with swapctl(8). The first column is the device
name of the partition. The next column is the total space
available in the partition. The "Used" column indicates the
total blocks used so far; the graph shows the percentage of
space in use on each partition. If there are more than one
swap partition in use, a total line is also shown. Areas
known to the kernel, but not in use are shown as not
available.
syscall Show per system call statistics. The display consists of
several columns of system call name and counts.
In order to stop entries moving around the screen too much,
an infinite response filter is applied to the values before
they are sorted.
The following commands are specific to the syscall display:
sort name Sort display by the syscall name (default).
sort count Sort display by the count of calls or time
spent in the calls.
sort syscall Sort display be syscall number.
show count Show the number of times the system call has be
called (default).
show time Show the average amount of time (in arbitrary
units) spent in a call of the syscall.
vmstat Take over the entire display and show a (rather crowded)
compendium of statistics related to virtual memory usage,
process scheduling, device interrupts, system name
translation caching, disk I/O etc.
The upper left quadrant of the screen shows the number of
users logged in and the load average over the last one, five,
and fifteen minute intervals. Below this are statistics on
memory utilization. The first row of the table reports
memory usage only among active processes, that is processes
that have run in the previous twenty seconds. The second row
reports on memory usage of all processes. The first column
reports on the number of physical pages claimed by processes.
The second column reports the number of physical pages that
are devoted to read only text pages. The third and fourth
columns report the same two figures for virtual pages, that
is the number of pages that would be needed if all processes
had all of their pages. Finally the last column shows the
number of physical pages on the free list.
Below the memory display is a list of the average number of
processes (over the last refresh interval) that are runnable
(`r'), in page wait (`p'), in disk wait other than paging
(`d'), sleeping (`s'). Below the queue length listing is a
numerical listing and a bar graph showing the amount of
system (shown as `='), user (shown as `>'), nice (shown as
`-'), and idle time (shown as ` ').
To the right of the process statistics is a column that lists
the average number of context switches (`Csw'), traps
(`Traps'; includes page faults), system calls (`SysCa'),
interrupts (`Intr'), network software interrupts (`Soft'),
page faults (`Fault').
Below this are statistics on memory utilization. The first
row of the table reports memory usage only among active
processes, that is processes that have run in the previous
twenty seconds. The second row reports on memory usage of
all processes. The first column reports on the number of
physical pages claimed by processes. The second column
reports the number of pages of memory and swap. The third
column gives the number of pages of free memory and swap.
Below the memory display are statistics on name translations.
It lists the number of names translated in the previous
interval, the number and percentage of the translations that
were handled by the system wide name translation cache, and
the number and percentage of the translations that were
handled by the per process name translation cache.
At the bottom left is the disk usage display. It reports the
number of seeks, transfers, number of kilobyte blocks
transferred per second averaged over the refresh period of
the display (by default, five seconds), and the time spent in
disk accesses. If there are more than five disks, and the
terminal window has more than 24 lines, the disks display
will be flipped so that more of the disk statistics are
visible.
Under the date in the upper right hand quadrant are
statistics on paging and swapping activity. The first two
columns report the average number of pages brought in and out
per second over the last refresh interval due to page faults
and the paging daemon. The third and fourth columns report
the average number of pages brought in and out per second
over the last refresh interval due to swap requests initiated
by the scheduler. The first row of the display shows the
average number of disk transfers per second over the last
refresh interval; the second row of the display shows the
average number of pages transferred per second over the last
refresh interval.
Below the paging statistics is another columns of paging
data. From top to bottom, these represent:
`forks' number of fork() calls
`fkppw' number of fork() calls where parent waits
`fksvm' number of fork() calls where vmspace is shared
`pwait' number of times fault had to wait on a page
`relck' number of times uvmfault_relock() is called
`rlkok' number of times uvmfault_relock() is a success
`noram' number of times fault was out of RAM
`ndcpy' number of times fault clears ``needs copy''
`fltcp' number of times fault promotes with copy (2b)
`zfod' number of times fault promotes with zerofill (2b)
`cow' number of times faulted for anonymous for Copy-
On-Write (case 1b)
`fmin' min number of free pages
`ftarg' target number of free pages
`itarg' target number of inactive pages
`flnan' number of times fault was out of anonymous pages
`pdfre' number of pages daemon freed since boot
`pdscn' number of pages daemon scanned since boot
Note that the `%zfod' percentage is usually less than 100%,
however it may exceed 100% if a large number of requests are
actually used long after they were set up during a period
when no new pages are being set up. Thus this figure is most
interesting when observed over a long time period, such as
from boot time (see below on getting such a display).
To the left of the column of paging statistics is a breakdown
of the interrupts being handled by the system. At the top of
the list is the total interrupts per second over the time
interval. The rest of the column breaks down the total on a
device by device basis. Only devices that have interrupted
at least once since boot time are shown.
Commands to switch between displays may be abbreviated to the minimum
unambiguous prefix; for example, io for iostat. Certain information may
be discarded when the screen size is insufficient for display. For
example, on a machine with 10 drives the iostat bar graph displays only 3
drives on a 24 line terminal. When a bar graph would overflow the
allotted screen space it is truncated and the actual value is printed
``over top'' of the bar.
The following commands are common to each display which shows information
about disk drives. These commands are used to select a set of drives to
report on, should your system have more drives configured than can
normally be displayed on the screen. Drives may be specified as drive
names or as patterns specified in the notation described by fnmatch(3).
display [drives]
Display information about the drives indicated. Multiple
drives may be specified, separated by spaces.
ignore [drives]
Do not display information about the drives indicated.
Multiple drives may be specified, separated by spaces.
drives [drives]
With no arguments, display a list of available drives.
With arguments, replace the list of currently displayed
drives with the ones specified.
The following commands are specific to the inet.*, inet6.*, syscall and
vmstat displays; the minimum unambiguous prefix may be supplied.
boot Display cumulative statistics since the system was booted.
run Display statistics as a running total from the point this
command is given.
time Display statistics averaged over the refresh interval (the
default).
zero Reset running statistics to zero.
FILES
/netbsd For the namelist.
/dev/kmem For information in main memory.
/etc/hosts For host names.
/etc/networks For network names.
/etc/services For port names.
NOTES
Most of the information shown by systat vmstat is obtained from the
`vm.vmmeter' sysctl(7) node.
SEE ALSO
df(1), netstat(1), ps(1), top(1), vmstat(1), iostat(8), pstat(8)
HISTORY
The systat program appeared in 4.3BSD.
BUGS
Consumes CPU resources and thus may skew statistics.
Certain displays presume a minimum of 80 characters per line.
The vmstat display looks out of place because it is (it was added in as a
separate display from what used to be a different program).
The -b option requires a real terminal and could be converted to simply
output to standard output.
NetBSD 10.99 March 29, 2023 NetBSD 10.99