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TUNEFS(8) System Manager's Manual TUNEFS(8)
NAME
tunefs - tune up an existing file system
SYNOPSIS
tunefs [-AFN] [-a enable | disable] [-e maxbpg] [-g avgfilesize]
[-h avgfpdir] [-l logsize] [-m minfree] [-o optimize_preference]
[-p enable | disable] [-q quota] [-S sectorsize] special | filesys
DESCRIPTION
tunefs is designed to change the dynamic parameters of a file system
which affect the layout policies.
The following options are supported by tunefs:
-A Cause the values to be updated in all the alternate superblocks
instead of just the standard superblock. If this option is not
used, then use of a backup superblock by fsck(8) will lose
anything changed by tunefs. -A is ignored when -N is specified.
-a enable | disable
Turn on/off the administrative NFSv4 ACL enable flag.
-e maxbpg
This indicates the maximum number of blocks any single file can
allocate out of a cylinder group before it is forced to begin
allocating blocks from another cylinder group. Typically this
value is set to about one quarter of the total blocks in a
cylinder group. The intent is to prevent any single file from
using up all the blocks in a single cylinder group, thus
degrading access times for all files subsequently allocated in
that cylinder group. The effect of this limit is to cause big
files to do long seeks more frequently than if they were allowed
to allocate all the blocks in a cylinder group before seeking
elsewhere. For file systems with exclusively large files, this
parameter should be set higher.
-F Indicates that special is a file system image, rather than a
device name or file system mount point. special will be accessed
`as-is'.
-g avgfilesize
This specifies the expected average file size.
-h avgfpdir
This specifies the expected number of files per directory.
-l logsize
This value specifies the size of the in-filesystem journaling log
file. The default journaling log file size is described in
wapbl(4). Specifying a size of zero will cause the in-filesystem
journaling log file to be removed the next time the filesystem is
mounted. The size of an existing in-filesystem journaling log
file can not be changed directly. You need to first set the log
file size to zero, then mount the filesystem without logging
enabled (which will remove the log without creating a new one),
unmount, set the size to the new value and finally re-mount with
logging enabled.
-m minfree
This value specifies the percentage of space held back from
normal users; the minimum free space threshold. The default
value is set during creation of the filesystem, see newfs(8).
This value can be set to zero, however up to a factor of three in
throughput will be lost over the performance obtained at a 5%
threshold. Note that if the value is raised above the current
usage level, users will be unable to allocate files until enough
files have been deleted to get under the higher threshold.
-N Display all the settable options (after any changes from the
tuning options) but do not cause any of them to be changed.
-o optimize_preference
The file system can either try to minimize the time spent
allocating blocks, or it can attempt to minimize the space
fragmentation on the disk. If the value of minfree (see above)
is less than 5%, then the file system should optimize for space
to avoid running out of full sized blocks. For values of minfree
greater than or equal to 5%, fragmentation is unlikely to be
problematical, and the file system can be optimized for time.
optimize_preference can be specified as either space or time.
-p enable | disable
Turn on/off the administrative POSIX.1e ACL enable flag.
-q quota
enable or disable a quota. quota can be one of user, group,
nouser or nogroup to enable or disable the specified quota type.
Multiple -q can be used to enable/disable all types at once.
After enabling a quota, fsck_ffs(8) has to be run to compute the
correct quota values.
-S sectorsize
changes the fsbtodb value in the superblock to reflect a
particular physical sector size. This value is ignored by the
NetBSD kernel but needed by tools like fsck_ffs(8) to access disk
blocks correctly. The minimum value is DEV_BSIZE (512).
Changing the fsbtodb value becomes necessary when a filesystem
image is created for one sector size and then transferred to a
device with a different sector size and should be applied also to
the alternate superblocks.
SEE ALSO
wapbl(4), fs(5), dumpfs(8), fsck_ffs(8), newfs(8)
M. McKusick, W. Joy, S. Leffler, and R. Fabry, "A Fast File System for
UNIX", ACM Transactions on Computer Systems 2, 3, pp 181-197, August
1984, (reprinted in the BSD System Manager's Manual, SMM:5).
HISTORY
The tunefs command appeared in 4.2BSD.
BUGS
This program should work on mounted and active file systems. Because the
super-block is not kept in the buffer cache, the changes will only take
effect if the program is run on unmounted file systems. To change the
root file system, the system must be rebooted after the file system is
tuned.
You can tune a file system, but you can't tune a fish.
NetBSD 10.99 January 17, 2022 NetBSD 10.99